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27 Energy and heat transfer engineering
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EVS-EN ISO 16994:2026
Solid biofuels and pyrogenic biocarbon - Determination of sulfur and chlorine content (ISO 16994:2026)
Scope: This document describes methods for the determination of sulfur and chlorine content in solid biofuels and pyrogenic biocarbon and specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The determination of other elements such as fluorine and bromine are also possible with the methods in this document, however performance data for these elements are not provided. The use of automatic equipment is also included in this document, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in this document.
Base documents: ISO 16994:2026; EN ISO 16994:2026
Replaces: EVS-EN ISO 16994:2016
ISO 16994:2026
Solid biofuels and pyrogenic biocarbon — Determination of sulfur and chlorine content
Scope: This document describes methods for the determination of sulfur and chlorine content in solid biofuels and pyrogenic biocarbon and specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The determination of other elements such as fluorine and bromine are also possible with the methods in this document, however performance data for these elements are not provided. The use of automatic equipment is also included in this document, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in this document.
Base documents:
Replaces: ISO 16994:2016
ISO 16659-2:2026
Ventilation systems for nuclear facilities — In-situ efficiency test methods for iodine traps with solid sorbent — Part 2: Radioactive CH3I method
Scope: This document specifies a test method using radioactive methyl iodide (CH3131I) as a tracer to determine the in-situ decontamination factor of an iodine trap. An in-situ test allows to reach the global efficiency of the trap characterized by the sorbent efficiency but also by the implementation of the trap within the ventilation duct) while the intrinsic efficiency of a charcoal is characterized in a laboratory by ISO 18417[9] (or other national standards such as ASTM D3803[10]).
This document provides general and common requirements for this method to assess the efficiency of an iodine trap, but also, the tools requirements, accuracy and the provisions needed to ensure safety of the workers, public and the environment during the test.
This reproducible method can support nuclear facility operators as a reference method to compare the decontamination factor evaluated by this method to reference values (e.g. safety criteria, national legislation, etc.).
Because of the use of a radioactive tracer, some precautions should be applied.
Firstly, this method is usually used for ventilation systems with monitoring of gaseous iodine releases in environment in accordance with the national regulations.
Secondly, this method is not used to determine the decontamination factor of iodine traps used in ventilation systems with air release in rooms with potential presence of workers (e.g. control room). For those rooms, a non-radioactive method is preferred.
This document can apply to installations with low inventory of radioiodine equipped with iodine traps (e.g. small laboratories). In this case, some provisions can be adapted but always in accordance with the national regulations.
Finally, this document mainly deals with iodine traps using impregnated activated carbon. However, this method can be used with some adaptations to other solid sorbent as inorganic sorbent (e.g. zeolite – aluminium and silica base usually doped with silver nitrate – or impregnated catalytic supports[11][12]).
This document provides general and common requirements for this method to assess the efficiency of an iodine trap, but also, the tools requirements, accuracy and the provisions needed to ensure safety of the workers, public and the environment during the test.
This reproducible method can support nuclear facility operators as a reference method to compare the decontamination factor evaluated by this method to reference values (e.g. safety criteria, national legislation, etc.).
Because of the use of a radioactive tracer, some precautions should be applied.
Firstly, this method is usually used for ventilation systems with monitoring of gaseous iodine releases in environment in accordance with the national regulations.
Secondly, this method is not used to determine the decontamination factor of iodine traps used in ventilation systems with air release in rooms with potential presence of workers (e.g. control room). For those rooms, a non-radioactive method is preferred.
This document can apply to installations with low inventory of radioiodine equipped with iodine traps (e.g. small laboratories). In this case, some provisions can be adapted but always in accordance with the national regulations.
Finally, this document mainly deals with iodine traps using impregnated activated carbon. However, this method can be used with some adaptations to other solid sorbent as inorganic sorbent (e.g. zeolite – aluminium and silica base usually doped with silver nitrate – or impregnated catalytic supports[11][12]).
Base documents:
IEC 63506:2026
Calibration of the prompt fission neutron logging tools
Scope: IEC 63506:2026 specifies the calibration method of prompt fission neutron logging tools. This document applies to the calibration of prompt fission neutron logging tools for uranium exploration and mining.
Base documents:
IEC 61513:2026
Nuclear power plants - Instrumentation and control important to safety - General requirements for systems
Scope: IEC 61513:2026 provides requirements and recommendations for the overall I&C which may contain one or several of these technologies.
This document highlights also the need for complete and precise requirements, derived from the plant safety goals, as a pre-requisite for generating the comprehensive requirements for the overall I&C, and hence for the individual I&C systems important to safety.
This document introduces the concept of a safety lifecycle for the overall I&C including the I&C architecture, and a safety lifecycle for the individual systems. By this, it highlights the relations between the safety objectives of the NPP and the requirements for the architecture of the I&C systems important to safety, and the relations between the I&C architecture and the requirements of the individual systems important to safety.
Standards such as ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 provide an overarching concept of system life cycle provisions covering product-related processes as well business development. The scope of IEC 61513 refers to safety aspects and their demonstration and significantly deepens the considerations of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 in this field.
The lifecycles illustrated in and followed by this document are not the only ones possible; other lifecycles can be followed, provided that the requirements stated in this document are satisfied.
This document applies to the I&C of new nuclear power plants as well as to I&C upgrading or back-fitting of existing plants.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2011. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- to align this document with the recent IAEA documents SSR-2/1 and SSG-39,
- to review the existing requirements and to update the terminology and definitions;
- to take account of, as far as possible, requirements associated with standards published or thoroughly revised since the second edition, IEC 62566, IEC 61226, IEC 62138, IEC 60987, IEC 63046 and IEC 63351;
- to incorporate the technical requirements related to I&C systems and equipment from IEC 61226:2020, Annex A.
This document highlights also the need for complete and precise requirements, derived from the plant safety goals, as a pre-requisite for generating the comprehensive requirements for the overall I&C, and hence for the individual I&C systems important to safety.
This document introduces the concept of a safety lifecycle for the overall I&C including the I&C architecture, and a safety lifecycle for the individual systems. By this, it highlights the relations between the safety objectives of the NPP and the requirements for the architecture of the I&C systems important to safety, and the relations between the I&C architecture and the requirements of the individual systems important to safety.
Standards such as ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 provide an overarching concept of system life cycle provisions covering product-related processes as well business development. The scope of IEC 61513 refers to safety aspects and their demonstration and significantly deepens the considerations of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 in this field.
The lifecycles illustrated in and followed by this document are not the only ones possible; other lifecycles can be followed, provided that the requirements stated in this document are satisfied.
This document applies to the I&C of new nuclear power plants as well as to I&C upgrading or back-fitting of existing plants.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2011. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- to align this document with the recent IAEA documents SSR-2/1 and SSG-39,
- to review the existing requirements and to update the terminology and definitions;
- to take account of, as far as possible, requirements associated with standards published or thoroughly revised since the second edition, IEC 62566, IEC 61226, IEC 62138, IEC 60987, IEC 63046 and IEC 63351;
- to incorporate the technical requirements related to I&C systems and equipment from IEC 61226:2020, Annex A.
Base documents:
Replaces: IEC 61513:2011
Replaced standards
CR 12953-14:2002
Shell boilers - Part 14: Guideline for involvement of an inspection body independent of the manufacturer
Scope: This Technical report gives guidance for the involvement of an inspection body independent of the manufacturer of shell boilers as defined in EN 12953 1.
Base documents: CR 12953-14:2002
EVS-EN 12693:2008
Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety and environmental requirements - Positive displacement refrigerant compressors
Scope: This standard applies to positive displacement refrigerant compressors for stationary and mobile refrigerating systems and heat pumps defined in 3.1, hereafter called compressors. It applies for compressors used in commercial and industrial appliances and with electrical energy supply including integral motors, up to 1 000 VAC and 1 500 VDC. It applies to open drive, semi hermetic and hermetic motor compressors, which contain a positive compression function. This standard is not applicable to: - compressors used in household appliance for which EN 60335-2-34 applies; - compressors using water or air as refrigerant. This standard does not deal with requirements for vibration and noise.
Base documents: EN 12693:2008
Replaced: EVS-EN 12693:2026
EVS-EN ISO 16994:2016
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine (ISO 16994:2016)
Scope: ISO 16994:2016 describes methods for the determination of the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. It specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in ISO 16994:2016, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in ISO 16994:2016.
Base documents: ISO 16994:2016; EN ISO 16994:2016
Replaced: EVS-EN ISO 16994:2026
ISO 16994:2016
Solid biofuels -- Determination of total content of sulfur and chlorine
Scope: ISO 16994:2016 describes methods for the determination of the total sulfur and total chlorine content in solid biofuels. It specifies two methods for decomposition of the fuel and different analytical techniques for the quantification of the elements in the decomposition solutions. The use of automatic equipment is also included in ISO 16994:2016, provided that a validation is carried out as specified and that the performance characteristics are similar to those of the method described in ISO 16994:2016.
Base documents:
Replaced: ISO 16994:2026
IEC 61513:2011
Nuclear power plants - Instrumentation and control important to safety - General requirements for systems
Scope: Instrumentation and control (I&C) systems important to safety may be implemented using conventional hard-wired equipment, computer-based (CB) equipment or by using a combination of both types of equipment (see Note 1). IEC 61513:2011 provides requirements and recommendations for the overall I&C architecture which may contain either or both technologies. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
- alignment with the latest revisions of IAEA documents;
- alignment with new editions of IEC 60880, IEC 61226, IEC 62138, IEC 62340 and IEC 60987;
- alignment with significant advances of software engineering techniques;
- integration of requirements for staff training.
- alignment with the latest revisions of IAEA documents;
- alignment with new editions of IEC 60880, IEC 61226, IEC 62138, IEC 62340 and IEC 60987;
- alignment with significant advances of software engineering techniques;
- integration of requirements for staff training.
Base documents:
Replaced: IEC 61513:2026